pig out

:돼지처럼먹기만 했어

> I pigged out during the holiday.

polish off

:먹어치우다,해치우다

 be on the verge of sth(동명사~ing) 

~하기 직전

>The couple was on the verge of breaking up.

>He was on the verge of tears. 

 금방이라도 울음을 터뜨릴 것같다. 울기직전 (=He was about to cry.)

> This company is on the verge of bankruptcy. 망하기직전

>  I'm on the verge of closing a verge important deal at work.

>I feel like I'm on the verge of a nervous breakdown. 신경쇠약직전

 hustle and bustle 

: busy and excited actively, 욱시글득시글하다

>Seoul is sure a city of hustle and bustle. 

>The hustle and bustle city life

>They right in the hustle and bustle.

>I can't concentrate on my work with all this hustle and bustle going on around me.

  Knee-jerk  

:Knee jerk means happening or existing as a result of habit, 

rather than careful consideration.

:An automatic or reflex reaction, an immediate reaction made 

without examining causes or facts.

별생각없이 자동적으로 나온 말, 행동

> We're so stupidly and hypocritically knee-jerk in our reactions these days. 

> It was a knee-jerk reaction on her part.

   account for~   ⓥ~는 한마디로 말하자면

원래는 '~한 방식으로 생각하다' 의미

사용빈도가 높아지며 '~는 한마디로 말하자면,설명하자면'의 의미로 사용됨.

'~에 대한 이유를 대거나 설명한다는 의미'

> How do you account for your success?  너의 성공을 어떻게 설명할래?

> The disease account for over 10,000 deaths last year

have a big mouth

get a big mouth

have a loose tongue

입이싸다

blabbermouth 

입이 싼 사람

Today's new expression is 'Old wives' tales'.

Old wives' tales is a traditional belief, especially which is incorrect.

Old wives' tales originate in the oral tradition of storytelling.

Every culture has its old wives' tales that are unsupported by science. 

In South Korea, many older people fear that if you sleep with an electric fan in the room, you may never wake up.

American parents tell their children not to swim after eating, even though there's no real evidence this is dangerous. 

-I think you'd better stop listening to old wives' tales.

현실을 받아들일때가 되다

Time to Face the Music

go-to 

안전한 선택

▶My go-to food is 김치찌개.

▶I have a go-to suit.

▶We might as well choose a go-to line. 

go-to 안전한것을 의미

layup 공을 링 근처에 두고 온다

lay 두다,놓다

lie 눕다

lay 두다,놓다

▶ She lays her mug on the table.

▶ A successful man is one of who can lay a firm foundation with the bricks others have thrown at him.

  성공하는 사람은 견고한 기초에 그에게 던진 돌을 두는 사람이다.

▶ The company will lay 30 percent of the employees off within this fiscal year.

   *fiscal year 회계연도

  회사는 이번 회계 연도에 30%의 공용인을 정리해고할것이다.

▶ Do not lay a hand on the boy.

lie 눕다

▶Let sleeping dogs lie. 자는 개를 꺠우지마라.

▶ Happiness lies in contentment. 행복은 만족에 눕는것이다.

▶ She was fired because she was lying down on the job.

 *lie down 게으름을 피우다l

현재       과거    과거분사    현재분사

lay     -      laid     -    laid             laying

lie     -      lay     -    lain             lying

[꿀팁] 

lay물건을 두면 먼지만 쌓일뿐 그대로다.

lie 누우면 계속 뒤척거리게 된다.

(출처: 도너츠 반쪽은 단수일까? 복수일까?)

'핸드폰 밧데리가 없어서 전화 끊길꺼야'

It happens to me all the time.

I'm using I-Phone 5.

We might get cut off.

Because my phone is about to run out of batteries.

▶get cut off전화가 갑자기 끊기다

▶run out of~  ~를 다 써버리다

http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/perseids-2015-biggest-meteor-shower-of-the-year-peaks-tonight-1.3187355?cmp=rss

cook one's goose 

; 남을 실망시키거나 계획을 망쳐놓다. 

Are you trying to cook my goose? 

내 계획을 다 망쳐 놓으려는거야?

[ Synonym]

Sorry, I screw up all plans.

Sorry, I didn't want to you let you down.

[유래]

유래는 정확치 않으나 영국의 민간설화 The Goose that laid the Golden Eggs에서 기원한다. 이 설화 속의 부부는 매일 황금 달걀을 하나씩 낳은 거위 한 마리를 가지고 있었다. 일확천금을 기대한 그들은 거위가 황금 달걀을 하루에 하나씩 낳는 것을 참고 기다릴 수가 없어서 거위 몸에 들어 있는 황금 달걀을 다 꺼내려고 거위의 배를 가르고 말았다. 그러나 뱃속의 달걀들은 아직 금으로 변하지 않은 상태여서 그들은 매우 실망하게 되었다. 그들이 마지막으로 갖게 된 것은 자기들이 허황된 생각을 하지 않고 인내심을 발휘하여 기다렸으면 더 많은 황금 달걀을 낳아주었을 죽어버린 거위뿐이었다. 이 이야기는 일확천금을 노리다가 만사가 실패로 돌아가서 큰 낭패를 보게 되었다는 교훈을 담고 있다. 이 어구는 교황 Pius 4세가 영국의 Nicholas Wiseman을 추기경으로 임명하여 천주교 위계질서를 재정립하려고 했을 때 항간에 떠돈 익살스러운 시에 처음으로 등장하게 되어서 주목을 끌었다.

http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/08/09/430341089/south-koreas-quirky-notions-about-electric-fans

South Korea's Quirky Notions About Electric Fans

It's a hot and humid day, like there's a thick blanket of air sitting on top of Seoul, when I visit the city's bustling Namdaemun market. The place has everything from live eels to military surplus gear, and I go to a corner with rows and rows of electric fans.

Kim Yong Ho has run an electronics shop here for four decades. His grandchildren are running around. And he says he would be very careful about letting them fall asleep in a room with an electric fan sitting next to them on a desk or the floor.

"I would turn the timer on and make sure the winds were blowing very gently," he says. "I'd also make sure the fan head is rotating around the room."

Every culture has its old wives' tales that are unsupported by science. American parents tell their children not to swim after eating, even though there's no real evidence this is dangerous. In South Korea, many older people fear that if you sleep with an electric fan in the room, you may never wake up.

Ah Yun Choi, a 25-year-old shopper, is familiar with this myth.

"I heard that people sometimes die because of the wind, because the temperature goes too low," she says. "But I think that's quite nonsense."

Suddenly her mother Kim Jong Suk, 53, speaks up. You can survive with a fan on all night, she says to her young daughter. But, she adds, for senior citizens it's dangerous.

The South Korean news media and scientists keep trying to debunk this notion, but it won't go away. *debunk (생각,믿음이) 틀렸음을 드러내다

A TV ad came out just this summer for a fan called Baby Wind, specifically designed to be safe for children.

"Winds that care about the baby's sleep," the ad says. "As gently as fluttering leaves, free from worries about falling temperature. Automatic off function after two hours, even after mom falls asleep."

Lost In Translation

Do a bit of research on fan death, and you'll find an American climatologist who — at least according to the Internet — says it's a real thing.

That man is Larry Kalkstein of the University of Miami, and he 

says if you're dehydrated, sitting in front of a fan in a hot room can make you more dehydrated. That can cause medical problems.

But, he's quick to add, "fans do not chop up oxygen molecules in the middle of the night, they can't lead to hypothermia, they can't suck oxygen out of a room. None of those things can happen."

This lost-in-translation moment came a few years ago when Korean journalists interviewed him in Seoul.

"One of the women asked me if I believed in fan death, which I'd not heard of, so I said, 'Yes. Fans can create a problem.'" he recalls.

"But they thought I meant that I believed in traditional fan death, when I did not, so that made a bit of a stir, and that's probably why you're calling me right now, because my name became associated with fan death," he adds.

So for the record, Kalkstein does not believe in fan death.

An Actual Experiment

In 2008, Chun Rim, a professor at the Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, decided to actually test the hypothesis.

He says it was hard to find anyone to take part in this so-called dangerous experiment. So he used his 11-year-old daughter.

"Every five minutes I checked her body temperature, blood pressure, and also the temperature of her hand," he says.

She survived the night. Her vitals barely changed. And now, the whole family sleeps with fans blowing on them.

"Not necessarily a very strong fan, but we no longer think that this is a real danger," he notes.

That study got some attention when it came out. But seven years later, it doesn't seem to have done much to make this persistent belief blow away.

Tell me about it . 

내말이 그말이야. 무슨 말인지 잘 안다 (나도 경험을 해봐서)

I got annoyed with Steve. 

Tell me about it. He drives me crazy.

You can't say that again. 

두말하면 잔소리지. 

다시 말 안해도 돼, 너와 같은 생각이니까 다시 말할 필요 없다

If you say so 

(A polite way of saying no) 

하는수 없네요. 정그렇다면요.

 상대방의 의견에 동의하진 않지만 논쟁하고 싶지 않다

All right, if you say so.

arm in arm 팔짱끼다

Do you want to arm in arm?

Be out of league 노는물이 달라

Why don't you ask her out if you like her so much?

I don't think she would like me. She's out of my league.

be a two timer 양다리 걸치다

Do you know his past? 

I know he was a two-timer.

Crack up 빵터지다(Burst out laughing)

-Everybody cranked up when he fell over.

-What a crank up you are.

-They both crack up laughing again.

Hang it up 때려쳐

Hang in there 버티고

Do you want the meal or just sandwich? 

세트메뉴로 드려요?

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/being-topless-in-public-is-legal-b-c-woman-reminds-others-after-police-encounter-1.3170353

Susan Rowbottom says she was sunbathing topless when an officer told her to cover up

By Radio West, CBC NewsPosted: Jul 28, 2015 1:02 PM PTLast Updated: Jul 29, 2015 10:38 AM PT

If you're topless in any part of British Columbia and a police officer tells you to put a shirt on, you don't have to obey.

That's the message a Kelowna woman wants to deliver to anyone who doesn't realize being topless in B.C. is legal.

Susan Rowbottom says she was at a local beach last week, sunbathing without a top on, when an RCMP officer approached her and told her to cover up. Rowbottom said she did as she was told at the time, though she was fairly certain it was legal for both men and women to be bare-chested in public.

• Kitchener women say they were stopped by police for cycling topless

After confirming with city staff and the local RCMP detachment, Rowbottom said her understanding of the law was correct.

"Hopefully this comes to the RCMP's attention that they can't enforce laws that don't exist," she told CBC's Radio West.

In 1996, the Ontario Court of Appeal granted women in that province the right to bare their breasts in public after overturning the earlier conviction of Gwen Jacobs. Jacobs was initially found guilty of committing an indecent act, but the appeal court later ruled that "there was nothing degrading or dehumanizing" about her decision to take off her shirt in public.

In 2000, the B.C. Supreme Court also stood behind the right of women to bare their breasts. Linda Meyer had been charged with violating a clothing bylaw after showing up topless at a city-run pool, but the judge in the case wrote that there was no evidence to support "the view that the parks could not operate in orderly fashion if a female were to bare her breasts in a circumstance that did not offend criminal laws of nudity."

Kelowna RCMP Cpl. Joe Duncan says arrests for public nudity are rare, and usually only happen if someone is "doing something sexual," or if a convicted sex offender is naked near children or a school.

'Our society is changing'

Still, Duncan says that if a topless person is asked to put a shirt on because children or families nearby feel uncomfortable, he expects them to comply.

Rowbottom says there were no children around when she was at the beach last week, and no one had complained. However, if there had been a family feeling uneasy and wanting her to cover up, she would have done so out of respect.

Still, Rowbottom wants to normalize the baring of breasts in public.

"I think if men can be topless, women should be able to be topless," she said. "Our society is changing and evolving and I'd like to move forward with that."

Rowbottom's interview comes as three Kitchener, Ont., sisters are in the news for the same reason. Tameera, Nadia and Alysha Mohamed are planning to file a formal complaint after they say they were stopped by a police officer for cycling topless.

Listen to the audio: B.C. woman sets record straight on being topless in public

http://www.fastcodesign.com/3048192/why-are-design-firms-stagnating

Why Are Design Firms Stagnating?

Design is hotter than blazes, so why is it that traditional product design firms aren’t growing? In fact they seem to be, well, challenged. There are exceptions, but for the most part, substantial growth in design consulting firms has not coincided with the growth of design overall in business.

Yet design firms are clearly relevant. Why else did McKinsey just buy the industrial design firm Lunar Design? Why did Capital One recently buy the UX design firm Adaptive Path? Why did Monitor buy Doblin? And going back a few years, why did Flextronics buy, and then sell, Frog Design, and why did Steelcase buy, and then sell, Ideo?

Were design firms scooped up because of great growth, big numbers, and the buying firms wanted part of the growth? Or was it because the design firms weren’t growing and were a good buy? Or, maybe it was simply that the buyers want the capabilities of design firms, knowing that it can be easier to buy than to build.

But if design firms were thriving, why would parent companies sell? There is no single answer, but here four reasons why design firms might be stagnating.

1. Design is too important to outsource and therefore is moving in-house.

No doubt, every company needs good design to compete. Good design is a baseline, and without good design you can’t even play. Good design has become core to good business. Since it’s a core asset, it’s too important to outsource. Companies want to "own" their design and design capabilities, and large and small are bringing design in-house by the thousands. For example, GE and IBM have each announced they are in the process of hiring 1,000 UX designers per company, and Apple is rumored to be hiring hundreds of car designers. If you want to see a company's real strategic intent, just look at who it is hiring.

Building a great design organization requires know-how and can be a cultural challenge. It stems from hiring the right people, guiding and empowering them, and enabling the right context and corporate culture. Granted, it may be easier to establish design culture in a boutique design firm, but consider the long-term success of amazing internal design departments at companies like Lego, Intuit, Bose, BMW, Apple, Philips, Fossil, GE, Starbucks, Microsoft, 3M, Disney, IBM, Dyson, and Nike, to name just a few. Internal design departments are closer to other internal teams, closer to the customers, and have access to internal proprietary information.

2. Strategy, "design thinking," and customer experience are priorities of corporations not necessarily design firms.

Strategy informs where the company is going; design informs how it gets there. Design makes strategy real. The purpose of good design is to help the company realize its strategic intent. Design is the medium to realize strategic intent.

A big part of designing is design thinking, a.k.a. the front end. Call it design thinking, the front end of innovation, contextual inquiry, solving wicked problems, whatever, the point is that user-centered problem-solving is not something you have to outsource. It’s something to build internally and distribute as widely as possible. Only then can a company solve external challenges as well as internal challenges. Note the success of design thinking at Intuit, as well as Mayo Clinic and P&G.

Design thinking should be adopted company-wide because it fuels user-centered problem-solving for improved customer experience. Customers may be the end consumer, the channels, and the employee—the experience can be outside and inside the company. Just like strategy and design thinking, customer experience cannot be outsourced.

3. Communications agencies are hot on the heels of design firms.

In general, It appears that ad, brand, and marketing communications agencies have adopted to the changing world of social media well; they changed and will likely continue to be relevant in our rapidly changing world. But design firms seem stuck on design, in part because they haven’t been able to displace strategy, brand, or communications firms. And there are now many significant ad, brand, and marketing-communications agencies doing pretty good design work, too.

4. Design firms don’t differentiate themselves from one another in a compelling way.

1. Passenger terminal  여객터미널

2. Boarding pass   탑승권

3. Security check  보안검사

4. Ticket counter    매표구

5. Passport control    출입국 심사

6. Immigration 출입국 관리소

7. Customs control 세관검사

8. Baggage claim area  수하물 찾는곳

9. Arrival 도착

10. Departure 출발

11. Destination  목적지

-I'd like to check in my flight.  저 비행기 탑승수속 하려는데요.

-When is the boarding time?    탑승시간이 언제죠?

-What's the gate number?      탑승구 번호가 뭐에요?

-Is the flight on time?           그 비행기는 정각에 출발하나요?

http://www.ted.com/talks/sheryl_sandberg_why_we_have_too_few_women_leaders

What are the messages we need to tell ourselves? What are the messages we tell the women that work with and for us? What are the messages we tell our daughters?

When I dropped her off at preschool, did that whole hugging-the-leg, crying, "Mommy, don't get on the plane" thing. This is hard. I feel guilty sometimes. I know no women, whether they're at home or whether they're in the workforce, who don't feel that sometimes. So I'm not saying that staying in the workforce is the right thing for everyone.

My talk today is about what the messages are if you do want to stay in the workforce, and I think there are three. 

One, sit at the table.

Two, make your partner a real partner. 

And three, don't leave before you leave.

"Sit at the table. Come on, sit at the table," and they sat on the side of the room.

 it matters a lot. Because no one gets to the corner office by sitting on the side, not at the table, and no one gets the promotion if they don't think they deserve their success, or they don't even understand their own success.

"Believe in yourself and negotiate for yourself. Own your own success."

success and likeability are positively correlated for men and negatively correlated for women.

We've got to get women to sit at the table.

Don't leave before you leave. Stay in. Keep your foot on the gas pedal, until the very day you need to leave to take a break.

-start out 시작하다

  :let's start out by admitting we're lucky

-But all that aside그것보다도

 :But all that aside, we still have a problem, and it's a real problem. And the problem is this: Women     are not making it to the top of any profession anywhere in the world.

-non-profit 비영리적인

-personal fulfillment 자아 실현

-women's room 여자화장실

  :I realized he doesn't know where the women's room is in his office.

-pitched a deal

-equivalent 동등한

-drop out 빠지다

   :I am convinced, is that women are dropping out. 여자들은 빠져있다

  :When I dropped her off at preschool

-flextime 근무시간자율제

-outset 시초,발단

 :Now, at the outset,

-sophomore 대학2년생

-systematically

-underestimate 낮게평가하다

-negotiate 협상하다

-attribute ~의 덕분으로보다

 :men attribute their success to themselves, and women attribute it to other external factors.

-external 외부의

-likeability 호감성

-correlated 연관성, 상관성

 :success and likeability are positively correlated for men and negatively correlated for women

-fit into …에 꼭 들어맞다, 적합[적응]하다; 어울리다

 :How am I going to fit this into everything else I'm doing?"

-maternity 임부인상태

-too far in advance 너무 먼저

 :Don't make decisions too far in advance, particularly ones you're not even conscious you're making.

(출처:Living Traditionally,http://livingtraditionally.com/3-reasons-avoid-canola-oil-like-plague-1/)

Olive oil comes from olive, peanut oil comes from peanuts, coconut oil comes from coconuts and canola oil comes from rapeseed. Canola is a hybrid name that stands for Canadian oil, since it is grown, processed, and exported mostly from Canada. Contrary to what you might have heard, there are several reasons to avoid canola oil. Unfortunately, clever marketing and persuasive advertising campaigns have successfully managed to convince countless millions that canola oil is actually a healthy option when it comes to cooking. It’s also used in many different foods, and especially in things like margarine and processed foods.

#1 – Insecticides Are Bad For Your Health

Okay, I know what you’re probably thinking: Farmers all over the world spray their crops with pesticides, so what’s the big deal if they spray their canola crops as well. Well, first and foremost, my advice would be to stay as far away as possible from any foods that have been sprayed. Nonetheless, that’s not really what I’m getting at right now. What I’m actually saying is that canola oil itself is a remarkably good pesticide. In fact, it’s the key ingredient in many “non-chemical” pesticides.

#2 – Almost All Canola Oil Is Produced From Genetically Modified Crops

Genetically modified foods are as controversial today as they’ve ever been. These days, genetic modification has made it possible for farmers to grow significantly more produce than ever before. Considering that the world’s population continues to increase year on year, many believe that modified crops will help us to avoid a potential food shortage in the future, but again, this is debatable.

Anyway, I’m not going to into all that right now, but I will say that I do everything in my power to avoid eating genetically modified foods. For me, this is one of the reasons to avoid canola oil. After all, more than 90% of all canola oil is produced from genetically engineered crops. So, would I use canola oil made from the 10% of crops that haven’t been modified? Definitely not, but I’ll explain why a bit later after we’ve looked at the third reason why it’s best to stay away from this oil.

#3 – Canola Oil Is Hydrogenated Oil

All cooking oils, other than “cold pressed” or “extra virgin” are refined. This process typically includes degumming; bleaching and deodorizing. It also involves high temperatures and/or the use of some pretty nasty chemicals. Even if we choose to ignore the chemicals, we cannot escape the fact that the refining process causes the oil to become hydrogenated oil that contains health destroying trans fatty acids. Coincidentally, trans fatty acids are extremely harmful to cardiovascular health.

Okay, now that we’ve looked at three reasons to avoid canola oil, let’s take a closer look at this oil in general:

What Is Canola Oil?

The oil we get from grape seeds is obviously grape seed oil; the oil we get from corn is corn oil, so surely canola oil must come from canola seeds? Well, not quite, because there’s no such thing as a canola seed, at least not here on planet earth. Canola oil actually comes from rapeseed, and in the past it was simply known as rapeseed oil. At that stage, rapeseed oil was not used in the food industry. Instead, it was primarily used as a lubricant in the industrial sector.

Somewhere further down the line, it did start finding its way into the food chain, but because it is so toxic, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) intervened and officially banned it in 1956, stating that it was unsafe for human consumption due to its high levels of erucic acid.

Genetic Modification Of Rapeseed

By the 1970s growers had found a way to genetically modify rapeseed, which in turn allowed them to produce oil with less erucic acid. With reduced erucic acid, the oil was deemed safe for human consumption, and was originally sold as “Rape Oil” or “LEAR Oil” (Low Erucic Acid Rape) However, for marketing reasons the name was later changed to Canola Oil.

While genetic modification was successful at lowering the erucic acid content, it also increased the amount of oleic acid, and this was once again a serious cause for concern because oleic acid has been linked to a number of health concerns, including the following:

-ingest 섭취하다  :ingest vegetable protins

-digest 소화하다  :digest food,digest information

-edible 먹을 수 있는  :※watchable볼만한,legible또렷한,알아볼 수 있는↔illegible 판독이 어려운

 ↔inedible

-daily intake 하루허용섭취량

-health nut 건강광

-extracted 추출한

-extract 추출물  :vanilla extract

-salinity 염분

-raw 덜익은

-unadulterated (불순물이 섞이지않은)순수한

-in the same boat 같은 입장이다 :We are in the same boat.

-treat it like~=think it in a certain way and behave like this :Don't treat me like a child.

-Let's say =for example

-one part :I'm using equal parts egg and milk in this recipe.

-not one bit=not at all 조금도싫어:Do I like olives? I not one bit. :I don't like spinach one bit.

-for the most part=usally, mainly, regular schedule :For the most part, I come home after work and have dinner and do excercise.

Biological aging is no longer an unsolved problem.

The belief that aging is still an unsolved problem in biology is no longer true. Of the two major classes of theories, the one class that is tenable is derivative of a single common denominator that results in only one fundamental theory of aging. In order to address this complex subject, it is necessary to first define the four phenomena that characterize the finitude of life. These phenomena are aging, the determinants of longevity, age-associated diseases, and death. There are only two fundamental ways in which age changes can occur. Aging occurs either as the result of a purposeful program driven by genes or by events that are not guided by a program but are stochastic or random, accidental events. The weight of evidence indicates that genes do not drive the aging process but the general loss of molecular fidelity does. Potential longevity is determined by the energetics of all molecules present at and after the time of reproductive maturation. Thus, every molecule, including those that compose the machinery involved in turnover, replacement, and repair, becomes the substrate that experiences the thermodynamic instability characteristic of the aging process. However, the determinants of the fidelity of all molecules produced before and after reproductive maturity are the determinants of longevity. This process is governed by the genome. Aging does not happen in a vacuum. Aging must be the result of changes that occur in molecules that have existed at one time with no age changes. It is the state of these pre-existing molecules that governs longevity determination. The distinction between the aging process and age-associated disease is not only based on the molecular definition of aging described above but it is also rooted in several practical observations. Unlike any disease, age changes (a) occur in every multicellular animal that reaches a fixed size at reproductive maturity, (b) cross virtually all species barriers, (c) occur in all members of a species only after the age of reproductive maturation, (d) occur in all animals removed from the wild and protected by humans even when that species probably has not experienced aging for thousands or even millions of years, (e) occur in virtually all animate and inanimate matter, and (f) have the same universal molecular etiology, that is, thermodynamic instability. Unlike aging, there is no disease or pathology that shares these six qualities. Because this critical distinction is poorly understood, there is a continuing belief that the resolution of age-associated diseases will advance our understanding of the fundamental aging process. It will not. The distinction between disease and aging is also critical for establishing science policy because although policy makers understand that the funding of research on age-associated diseases is an unquestioned good, they also must understand that the resolution of age-associated diseases will not provide insights into understanding the fundamental biology of age changes. They often believe that it will and base decisions on that misunderstanding. The impact has been to fund research on age-associated diseases at several orders of magnitude greater than what is available for research on the biology of aging. There is an almost universal belief by geriatricians and others that the greatest risk factor for all of the leading causes of death is old age. Why then are we not devoting significantly greater resources to understanding more about the greatest risk factor for every age-associated pathology by attempting to answer this fundamental question-"What changes occur in biomolecules that lead to the manifestations of aging at higher orders of complexity and then increase vulnerability to all age-associated pathology?"